Services
Service Areas
Camera Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Lane Assist and Forward Collision Accuracy Explained
What Camera Calibration Means on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: How Lane Assist and Forward Collision Use Vision
Camera calibration on a Mercedes-Benz V-Class—often described as ADAS recalibration or front camera calibration—realigns the forward-facing camera so driver-assist features interpret the roadway accurately. Mounted behind the windshield near the rearview mirror, the camera reads lane lines, road edges, and vehicles ahead to support Lane Departure Warning, Lane Keep Assist or Lane Centering, Forward Collision Warning, Automatic Emergency Braking, and, on equipped trims, Adaptive Cruise Control and Traffic Sign Recognition. OEM routines re-establish the camera’s reference frame (yaw, pitch, and height relative to the vehicle centerline) so software can translate pixels into real-world distance, direction, and timing. Depending on the Mercedes-Benz V-Class procedure, calibration may be static (shop targets), dynamic (road learning), or both. Because the camera views through the windshield, glass quality and bracket alignment are part of the optical system; small shifts in mounting position or clarity can change what the camera “sees.” If the system is misaligned, you may experience lane centering that hunts, collision alerts that feel early or late, or dash messages that disable ADAS functions. Bang AutoGlass prioritizes OEM-aligned recalibration guidance so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class returns to intended performance after glass service.
When Calibration Is Needed on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Windshield Replacement, Bracket Changes, and Alignment Triggers
A Mercedes-Benz V-Class typically needs camera calibration any time the relationship between the forward-facing ADAS camera and the road changes. Windshield replacement is the most common trigger because the camera views the road through the glass and the bracket must be bonded back in the exact OEM position and angle. If the camera is removed, unplugged, replaced, or if the bracket/windshield “button” is repaired or re-bonded, OEM procedures commonly require recalibration. Vehicle geometry changes can also prompt a relearn. Wheel alignments, suspension repairs, ride-height changes, steering angle sensor resets, and tire-size changes can alter the straight-ahead reference and influence how the system reads lane position and closing speed. Collisions, curb impacts, or body repairs near the camera area are frequent causes of ADAS warnings and trouble codes. Bang AutoGlass provides mobile windshield replacement that typically takes 30–45 minutes, plus a recommended adhesive cure window before driving. We explain next steps for your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, support pre-scan/post-scan documentation, work with all insurers when you have comprehensive coverage, and back our work with a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Static vs Dynamic Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Methods, Conditions, and What Impacts Accuracy
There are two primary ways to calibrate a Mercedes-Benz V-Class forward-facing camera: static calibration and dynamic calibration. Some vehicles require one method, others require both, and the correct approach depends on the OEM procedure for your trim and ADAS package. Static calibration is performed in a controlled environment using a scan tool, a calibration frame, and targets placed at specified distances and heights in front of the vehicle. Accurate measuring, a level floor, consistent lighting, and controlled reflections are critical for reliable lane assist and forward-collision accuracy. Dynamic calibration is completed on the road under defined driving conditions. The Mercedes-Benz V-Class learns from real lane markings, road edges, and common roadway cues while the scan tool guides the routine. Clear lane lines, safe steady speeds, good weather, and low glare are important. Many OEMs also specify normal ride height and correct tire pressure because vehicle attitude changes the camera’s perceived horizon. In either method, small issues can lead to failed calibrations or inconsistent ADAS behavior: uneven tire pressures, heavy cargo, misaligned wheels, dirty glass, a smudged camera lens, windshield distortion, or accessories near the mirror that block the camera. Bang AutoGlass focuses on clean optics and OEM-aligned setup so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class lane assist and forward-collision features perform as intended.
Pre-Calibration Checklist: Pre-Scan, Clean Glass, Tire Pressure, Ride Height, and Setup Requirements
Before we calibrate the forward-facing camera on your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, we follow a tight ADAS calibration checklist so the result is accurate, not just “complete.” We start with a diagnostic pre-scan using a professional scan tool to capture trouble codes (DTCs), confirm which camera-driven features are equipped, and document the baseline. We then pull VIN-specific OEM service information to confirm whether your Mercedes-Benz V-Class needs static targets, dynamic on-road calibration, or a combined procedure, plus the exact measurements and drive conditions required. Stable battery voltage is verified so scanning and calibration don’t abort mid-process. Next, we verify optics and mounting. The windshield camera window must be clean and unobstructed, so we remove haze, fingerprints, stickers, and residue. We confirm the lens, housing, and bracket are fully seated with no moisture or debris that could shift alignment. Finally, we confirm vehicle stance and the workspace. Tire pressures match the placard, ride height is normal, and heavy cargo or alignment issues are flagged because they affect lane-assist accuracy. For static routines, we choose a level, low-glare area with enough space to position targets—especially important for Bang AutoGlass mobile service.
Accuracy Explained: How Calibration Affects Lane Centering, Object Detection, and Collision Warnings on Mercedes-Benz V-Class
On your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, the forward-facing camera is a precision ADAS sensor that helps estimate lane position, vehicle path, and closing speed to what’s ahead. Windshield camera calibration (ADAS recalibration) restores the camera’s reference frame so the system can translate lane lines, road edges, vehicles, pedestrians, and signage into real-world distance and timing. When calibration is correct, Lane Keep Assist and Lane Centering track markings more consistently and issue fewer surprise disengagements. If calibration is off, small aim errors can change time-to-collision math. Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking may alert too early, too late, or inconsistently because the camera misjudges distance or object position. Many Mercedes-Benz V-Class trims also use sensor fusion, blending camera data with radar range and velocity. When the camera’s geometry is wrong, the sensors can disagree, triggering false positives, missed hazards, or “feature unavailable” messages. Rain, glare, fog, and faded striping already challenge vision systems, so giving the software a properly calibrated viewpoint matters. Bang AutoGlass follows OEM-aligned procedures after windshield replacement so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS features operate within manufacturer tolerances.
Verification and Documentation: Post-Scan Reports, Road Validation, and Clearing ADAS Warnings
The last step in a Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS calibration is proving the result. After calibration is completed, we run a post-scan to confirm the camera and ADAS modules report normal status, clear related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), and check for new faults that could point to mounting, wiring, or communication issues. Combined with a pre-scan, this creates a clear before-and-after record that supports a clean handoff. OEM procedures may require real-world confirmation. If your Mercedes-Benz V-Class uses dynamic calibration, the vehicle may need a defined drive to finalize learning. Even after static calibration, some platforms call for a short validation drive or additional initialization steps. We confirm lane-assist and forward-collision functions show as available, the dash stays free of ADAS warnings, and the vehicle responds consistently to lane markings. When relevant, Bang AutoGlass can provide scan reports, calibration confirmation, and photos of the setup and completion screens. For convenience, mobile windshield replacement often takes 30–45 minutes, we recommend at least one hour of cure time before normal driving, and we work with insurance when you have comprehensive coverage. Every job is backed by a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Services
Service Areas
Camera Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Lane Assist and Forward Collision Accuracy Explained
What Camera Calibration Means on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: How Lane Assist and Forward Collision Use Vision
Camera calibration on a Mercedes-Benz V-Class—often described as ADAS recalibration or front camera calibration—realigns the forward-facing camera so driver-assist features interpret the roadway accurately. Mounted behind the windshield near the rearview mirror, the camera reads lane lines, road edges, and vehicles ahead to support Lane Departure Warning, Lane Keep Assist or Lane Centering, Forward Collision Warning, Automatic Emergency Braking, and, on equipped trims, Adaptive Cruise Control and Traffic Sign Recognition. OEM routines re-establish the camera’s reference frame (yaw, pitch, and height relative to the vehicle centerline) so software can translate pixels into real-world distance, direction, and timing. Depending on the Mercedes-Benz V-Class procedure, calibration may be static (shop targets), dynamic (road learning), or both. Because the camera views through the windshield, glass quality and bracket alignment are part of the optical system; small shifts in mounting position or clarity can change what the camera “sees.” If the system is misaligned, you may experience lane centering that hunts, collision alerts that feel early or late, or dash messages that disable ADAS functions. Bang AutoGlass prioritizes OEM-aligned recalibration guidance so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class returns to intended performance after glass service.
When Calibration Is Needed on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Windshield Replacement, Bracket Changes, and Alignment Triggers
A Mercedes-Benz V-Class typically needs camera calibration any time the relationship between the forward-facing ADAS camera and the road changes. Windshield replacement is the most common trigger because the camera views the road through the glass and the bracket must be bonded back in the exact OEM position and angle. If the camera is removed, unplugged, replaced, or if the bracket/windshield “button” is repaired or re-bonded, OEM procedures commonly require recalibration. Vehicle geometry changes can also prompt a relearn. Wheel alignments, suspension repairs, ride-height changes, steering angle sensor resets, and tire-size changes can alter the straight-ahead reference and influence how the system reads lane position and closing speed. Collisions, curb impacts, or body repairs near the camera area are frequent causes of ADAS warnings and trouble codes. Bang AutoGlass provides mobile windshield replacement that typically takes 30–45 minutes, plus a recommended adhesive cure window before driving. We explain next steps for your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, support pre-scan/post-scan documentation, work with all insurers when you have comprehensive coverage, and back our work with a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Static vs Dynamic Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Methods, Conditions, and What Impacts Accuracy
There are two primary ways to calibrate a Mercedes-Benz V-Class forward-facing camera: static calibration and dynamic calibration. Some vehicles require one method, others require both, and the correct approach depends on the OEM procedure for your trim and ADAS package. Static calibration is performed in a controlled environment using a scan tool, a calibration frame, and targets placed at specified distances and heights in front of the vehicle. Accurate measuring, a level floor, consistent lighting, and controlled reflections are critical for reliable lane assist and forward-collision accuracy. Dynamic calibration is completed on the road under defined driving conditions. The Mercedes-Benz V-Class learns from real lane markings, road edges, and common roadway cues while the scan tool guides the routine. Clear lane lines, safe steady speeds, good weather, and low glare are important. Many OEMs also specify normal ride height and correct tire pressure because vehicle attitude changes the camera’s perceived horizon. In either method, small issues can lead to failed calibrations or inconsistent ADAS behavior: uneven tire pressures, heavy cargo, misaligned wheels, dirty glass, a smudged camera lens, windshield distortion, or accessories near the mirror that block the camera. Bang AutoGlass focuses on clean optics and OEM-aligned setup so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class lane assist and forward-collision features perform as intended.
Pre-Calibration Checklist: Pre-Scan, Clean Glass, Tire Pressure, Ride Height, and Setup Requirements
Before we calibrate the forward-facing camera on your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, we follow a tight ADAS calibration checklist so the result is accurate, not just “complete.” We start with a diagnostic pre-scan using a professional scan tool to capture trouble codes (DTCs), confirm which camera-driven features are equipped, and document the baseline. We then pull VIN-specific OEM service information to confirm whether your Mercedes-Benz V-Class needs static targets, dynamic on-road calibration, or a combined procedure, plus the exact measurements and drive conditions required. Stable battery voltage is verified so scanning and calibration don’t abort mid-process. Next, we verify optics and mounting. The windshield camera window must be clean and unobstructed, so we remove haze, fingerprints, stickers, and residue. We confirm the lens, housing, and bracket are fully seated with no moisture or debris that could shift alignment. Finally, we confirm vehicle stance and the workspace. Tire pressures match the placard, ride height is normal, and heavy cargo or alignment issues are flagged because they affect lane-assist accuracy. For static routines, we choose a level, low-glare area with enough space to position targets—especially important for Bang AutoGlass mobile service.
Accuracy Explained: How Calibration Affects Lane Centering, Object Detection, and Collision Warnings on Mercedes-Benz V-Class
On your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, the forward-facing camera is a precision ADAS sensor that helps estimate lane position, vehicle path, and closing speed to what’s ahead. Windshield camera calibration (ADAS recalibration) restores the camera’s reference frame so the system can translate lane lines, road edges, vehicles, pedestrians, and signage into real-world distance and timing. When calibration is correct, Lane Keep Assist and Lane Centering track markings more consistently and issue fewer surprise disengagements. If calibration is off, small aim errors can change time-to-collision math. Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking may alert too early, too late, or inconsistently because the camera misjudges distance or object position. Many Mercedes-Benz V-Class trims also use sensor fusion, blending camera data with radar range and velocity. When the camera’s geometry is wrong, the sensors can disagree, triggering false positives, missed hazards, or “feature unavailable” messages. Rain, glare, fog, and faded striping already challenge vision systems, so giving the software a properly calibrated viewpoint matters. Bang AutoGlass follows OEM-aligned procedures after windshield replacement so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS features operate within manufacturer tolerances.
Verification and Documentation: Post-Scan Reports, Road Validation, and Clearing ADAS Warnings
The last step in a Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS calibration is proving the result. After calibration is completed, we run a post-scan to confirm the camera and ADAS modules report normal status, clear related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), and check for new faults that could point to mounting, wiring, or communication issues. Combined with a pre-scan, this creates a clear before-and-after record that supports a clean handoff. OEM procedures may require real-world confirmation. If your Mercedes-Benz V-Class uses dynamic calibration, the vehicle may need a defined drive to finalize learning. Even after static calibration, some platforms call for a short validation drive or additional initialization steps. We confirm lane-assist and forward-collision functions show as available, the dash stays free of ADAS warnings, and the vehicle responds consistently to lane markings. When relevant, Bang AutoGlass can provide scan reports, calibration confirmation, and photos of the setup and completion screens. For convenience, mobile windshield replacement often takes 30–45 minutes, we recommend at least one hour of cure time before normal driving, and we work with insurance when you have comprehensive coverage. Every job is backed by a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Services
Service Areas
Camera Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Lane Assist and Forward Collision Accuracy Explained
What Camera Calibration Means on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: How Lane Assist and Forward Collision Use Vision
Camera calibration on a Mercedes-Benz V-Class—often described as ADAS recalibration or front camera calibration—realigns the forward-facing camera so driver-assist features interpret the roadway accurately. Mounted behind the windshield near the rearview mirror, the camera reads lane lines, road edges, and vehicles ahead to support Lane Departure Warning, Lane Keep Assist or Lane Centering, Forward Collision Warning, Automatic Emergency Braking, and, on equipped trims, Adaptive Cruise Control and Traffic Sign Recognition. OEM routines re-establish the camera’s reference frame (yaw, pitch, and height relative to the vehicle centerline) so software can translate pixels into real-world distance, direction, and timing. Depending on the Mercedes-Benz V-Class procedure, calibration may be static (shop targets), dynamic (road learning), or both. Because the camera views through the windshield, glass quality and bracket alignment are part of the optical system; small shifts in mounting position or clarity can change what the camera “sees.” If the system is misaligned, you may experience lane centering that hunts, collision alerts that feel early or late, or dash messages that disable ADAS functions. Bang AutoGlass prioritizes OEM-aligned recalibration guidance so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class returns to intended performance after glass service.
When Calibration Is Needed on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Windshield Replacement, Bracket Changes, and Alignment Triggers
A Mercedes-Benz V-Class typically needs camera calibration any time the relationship between the forward-facing ADAS camera and the road changes. Windshield replacement is the most common trigger because the camera views the road through the glass and the bracket must be bonded back in the exact OEM position and angle. If the camera is removed, unplugged, replaced, or if the bracket/windshield “button” is repaired or re-bonded, OEM procedures commonly require recalibration. Vehicle geometry changes can also prompt a relearn. Wheel alignments, suspension repairs, ride-height changes, steering angle sensor resets, and tire-size changes can alter the straight-ahead reference and influence how the system reads lane position and closing speed. Collisions, curb impacts, or body repairs near the camera area are frequent causes of ADAS warnings and trouble codes. Bang AutoGlass provides mobile windshield replacement that typically takes 30–45 minutes, plus a recommended adhesive cure window before driving. We explain next steps for your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, support pre-scan/post-scan documentation, work with all insurers when you have comprehensive coverage, and back our work with a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Static vs Dynamic Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Methods, Conditions, and What Impacts Accuracy
There are two primary ways to calibrate a Mercedes-Benz V-Class forward-facing camera: static calibration and dynamic calibration. Some vehicles require one method, others require both, and the correct approach depends on the OEM procedure for your trim and ADAS package. Static calibration is performed in a controlled environment using a scan tool, a calibration frame, and targets placed at specified distances and heights in front of the vehicle. Accurate measuring, a level floor, consistent lighting, and controlled reflections are critical for reliable lane assist and forward-collision accuracy. Dynamic calibration is completed on the road under defined driving conditions. The Mercedes-Benz V-Class learns from real lane markings, road edges, and common roadway cues while the scan tool guides the routine. Clear lane lines, safe steady speeds, good weather, and low glare are important. Many OEMs also specify normal ride height and correct tire pressure because vehicle attitude changes the camera’s perceived horizon. In either method, small issues can lead to failed calibrations or inconsistent ADAS behavior: uneven tire pressures, heavy cargo, misaligned wheels, dirty glass, a smudged camera lens, windshield distortion, or accessories near the mirror that block the camera. Bang AutoGlass focuses on clean optics and OEM-aligned setup so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class lane assist and forward-collision features perform as intended.
Pre-Calibration Checklist: Pre-Scan, Clean Glass, Tire Pressure, Ride Height, and Setup Requirements
Before we calibrate the forward-facing camera on your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, we follow a tight ADAS calibration checklist so the result is accurate, not just “complete.” We start with a diagnostic pre-scan using a professional scan tool to capture trouble codes (DTCs), confirm which camera-driven features are equipped, and document the baseline. We then pull VIN-specific OEM service information to confirm whether your Mercedes-Benz V-Class needs static targets, dynamic on-road calibration, or a combined procedure, plus the exact measurements and drive conditions required. Stable battery voltage is verified so scanning and calibration don’t abort mid-process. Next, we verify optics and mounting. The windshield camera window must be clean and unobstructed, so we remove haze, fingerprints, stickers, and residue. We confirm the lens, housing, and bracket are fully seated with no moisture or debris that could shift alignment. Finally, we confirm vehicle stance and the workspace. Tire pressures match the placard, ride height is normal, and heavy cargo or alignment issues are flagged because they affect lane-assist accuracy. For static routines, we choose a level, low-glare area with enough space to position targets—especially important for Bang AutoGlass mobile service.
Accuracy Explained: How Calibration Affects Lane Centering, Object Detection, and Collision Warnings on Mercedes-Benz V-Class
On your Mercedes-Benz V-Class, the forward-facing camera is a precision ADAS sensor that helps estimate lane position, vehicle path, and closing speed to what’s ahead. Windshield camera calibration (ADAS recalibration) restores the camera’s reference frame so the system can translate lane lines, road edges, vehicles, pedestrians, and signage into real-world distance and timing. When calibration is correct, Lane Keep Assist and Lane Centering track markings more consistently and issue fewer surprise disengagements. If calibration is off, small aim errors can change time-to-collision math. Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking may alert too early, too late, or inconsistently because the camera misjudges distance or object position. Many Mercedes-Benz V-Class trims also use sensor fusion, blending camera data with radar range and velocity. When the camera’s geometry is wrong, the sensors can disagree, triggering false positives, missed hazards, or “feature unavailable” messages. Rain, glare, fog, and faded striping already challenge vision systems, so giving the software a properly calibrated viewpoint matters. Bang AutoGlass follows OEM-aligned procedures after windshield replacement so your Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS features operate within manufacturer tolerances.
Verification and Documentation: Post-Scan Reports, Road Validation, and Clearing ADAS Warnings
The last step in a Mercedes-Benz V-Class ADAS calibration is proving the result. After calibration is completed, we run a post-scan to confirm the camera and ADAS modules report normal status, clear related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), and check for new faults that could point to mounting, wiring, or communication issues. Combined with a pre-scan, this creates a clear before-and-after record that supports a clean handoff. OEM procedures may require real-world confirmation. If your Mercedes-Benz V-Class uses dynamic calibration, the vehicle may need a defined drive to finalize learning. Even after static calibration, some platforms call for a short validation drive or additional initialization steps. We confirm lane-assist and forward-collision functions show as available, the dash stays free of ADAS warnings, and the vehicle responds consistently to lane markings. When relevant, Bang AutoGlass can provide scan reports, calibration confirmation, and photos of the setup and completion screens. For convenience, mobile windshield replacement often takes 30–45 minutes, we recommend at least one hour of cure time before normal driving, and we work with insurance when you have comprehensive coverage. Every job is backed by a lifetime workmanship warranty.
Enjoy More Relevant Blogs
Mobile ADAS Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: What to Expect On-Site and Why Setup Matters
Mobile ADAS calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: what to expect on-site, space and lighting needs, and why setup and verification matter after repairs today.
ADAS Calibration Checklist for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Documentation, Verification, and Final Safety Checks
ADAS calibration checklist for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: documentation to request, scans to verify, and safety checks that confirm cameras and sensors are set right.
Static vs Dynamic ADAS Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: What the Difference Means
Static vs dynamic ADAS calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: key differences, when each is required, how long it takes, and what affects accuracy for safety.
OEM Calibration Requirements for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: How to Confirm What Must Be Calibrated
OEM calibration requirements for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: how to confirm what must be calibrated after repairs, what triggers recalibration, and what proof to ask for.
How Much Does ADAS Calibration Cost for Mercedes-Benz V-Class? What Drives Pricing and What Insurance Typically Covers
How much does ADAS calibration cost for a Mercedes-Benz V-Class? Learn pricing drivers, camera vs radar needs, labor time, and what insurance typically covers.
Pre- and Post-Calibration Scans for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: Proving Systems Are Set Correctly
Pre- and post-calibration scans for Mercedes-Benz V-Class: see why scans matter, what they verify, and how reports prove ADAS systems are set correctly after service.
Do You Need ADAS Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class After a Wheel Alignment, Suspension Work, or a Minor Collision?
Do you need ADAS calibration for a Mercedes-Benz V-Class after alignment, suspension work, or a minor collision? Signs, timelines, safety risks, and costs today.
ADAS Warning Lights on Mercedes-Benz V-Class: When Calibration Is the Fix and When It’s Not
ADAS warning lights on your Mercedes-Benz V-Class? Learn when calibration fixes lane assist or AEB issues, when it will not, and what to check next. Schedule help.
How to Schedule ADAS Calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class After Windshield Replacement
Schedule ADAS calibration for Mercedes-Benz V-Class after windshield replacement. Learn timing, required info, and what to expect so safety systems stay accurate.
Bang AutoGlass
Quick Links
Services
Auto Glass Services by Makes & Models
Customers
Insurance Companies
Mailing Address
936 SW 1st Ave PMB 877 Miami Florida, 33130
Sales: Monday - Sunday , 24/7
Support: Monday - Friday , 10am to 7pm
Bang AutoGlass
Quick Links
Services
Auto Glass Services by Makes & Models
Customers
Insurance Companies
Mailing Address
936 SW 1st Ave PMB 877 Miami Florida, 33130
Sales: Monday - Sunday , 24/7
Support: Monday - Friday , 10am to 7pm
Bang AutoGlass
Quick Links
Services
Auto Glass Services by Makes & Models
Customers
Insurance Companies
Mailing Address
936 SW 1st Ave PMB 877 Miami Florida, 33130
Sales: Monday - Sunday , 24/7
Support: Monday - Friday , 10am to 7pm